Initially, the Anaconda Copper Mining Company tolerated socialist activities, but when the Socialists gained political power and threatened to implement reform, the company systematically undermined the radical party. The Socialist Party had grown within the expanding Montana labor movement. In 1903, the Socialist Party of America won its first victory west of the Mississippi when Anaconda voters elected a socialist mayor, treasurer, police judge, and three councilmen. The county has common borders with Beaverhead, Butte-Silver Bow, Granite, Jefferson and Powell counties.
The county area is 736.53 square miles (1,907.6 km 2), characterized by densely timbered forestlands, lakes, mountains and recreation grounds. Central Anaconda is 5,335 ft (1,626 m) above sea level, and is surrounded by the communities of Opportunity and West Valley. As a consolidated city-county area, it ranks as the ninth most populous city in Montana, but as only a city is far smaller. Anaconda had earlier peaks of population in 19, based on the mining industry. As of the 2020 census the population of the consolidated city-county was 9,421, and the US Census Bureaus's 2015-2019 American Community Survey showed a median household income of $41,820. Located at the foot of the Anaconda Range (known locally as the "Pintlers"), the Continental Divide passes within 8 mi (13 km) south of the community. Anaconda, county seat of Deer Lodge County, which has a consolidated city-county government, is located in southwestern Montana, United States.
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